Bipolar disorder involves extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. With consistent treatment, people with bipolar disorder live full, productive lives.

Recognizing the Signs

Common Symptoms

Manic episodes: unusually elevated or irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, impulsive behavior
Depressive episodes: persistent sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, loss of interest
Rapid mood shifts in some cases (rapid cycling)
Difficulty at work, school, or in relationships during episodes
In severe mania: psychosis (hallucinations or delusions)

If you recognize several of these symptoms in yourself or a loved one, speaking with a mental health professional is the best next step.

Types & Subtypes

Forms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar I

Manic episodes lasting at least 7 days (or requiring hospitalization), usually with depressive episodes.

Bipolar II

Pattern of hypomanic episodes (less severe than full mania) and major depressive episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Milder form with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms over at least 2 years.

Getting Better

Treatment Options

Mood Stabilizing Medication

Lithium is considered the gold-standard mood stabilizer. Valproate, lamotrigine, and atypical antipsychotics are also used. Medication is typically long-term.

Psychotherapy

CBT, Family Focused Therapy (FFT), and Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) are effective for bipolar disorder, especially between episodes.

Psychoeducation

Learning to recognize early warning signs of mood episodes so you can intervene early — with a psychiatrist's guidance.

Lifestyle Regularity

Maintaining regular sleep schedules, meal times, and activity levels helps stabilize mood. Avoiding alcohol and drugs is especially important.

Information on this page is sourced from: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Content is reviewed for accuracy and updated regularly.

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Medical Disclaimer: The information on this page is intended for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis, treatment, or guidance from a qualified healthcare provider. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911. For mental health crisis support, call or text 988. Always consult a licensed mental health professional before making decisions about your care.